مدیریت(شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی) ژئومورفوسایت‌ها با استفاده از مدل‌های Entropy و Saw، مطالعه موردی: ژئومورفوسایت‌های شهرستان سردشت

Introduction:
In fact nowadays tourism has become a dynamic and pervasive industry in the form of a worldwide system, so that it can be said that it is one the most successful industries in the world. Thus nowadays new concepts have appeared in tourism field and it is divided into different parts with different motives and goals. Among these new concepts and fields, geotourism has been introduced as one of the most common kinds of tourism in countries of the world. For more specialized, Geomorphotourism, was initially defined as a tourism which includes geographical features of a site, it also includes environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage and inhabitants. Thus Geomorphosites are significant capabilities in the formation of  stable tourism, But Planning and  systematical management are very important in this process.
Sardasht region is one of these regions which is rich in geotourism potentials and is in high level in terms of variation of geotourism capacities resulted from internal and external dynamic process over the time and it can be called museum of natural (geotourism) attractions. Thus, in this study, geomorphosites of Sardasht town is identified, introduced, studied and prioritized by viewpoint of
management view and multi-attribute decision making models (Entropy and Saw models.
Materials and Methods:
Regarding subject of study, research method was based on library and field study and statistical analysis as well as using mathematical models (multi-attribute decision making), contain Entropy and Saw models. In addition, topography and geology maps with GPS were other research material and tools.
The aim of using MADM model is selecting best alternative among available alternatives which this selected alternative has the highest or most optimal value, thatformulated according matrix. Then, bipolar scale is used for conversion of qualitative criteria to quantitative ones. In order to make different measurement scales comparable (per different indexes) indexes should become scaleless, so that all columns of above matrix have similar unit (from corresponding vector) and subsequently their comparison would be easy and simple. Among different methods for doing so, linear norm is used in this study regarding kind of problem.In this norm, each component (rij) of decision-making matrix is divided into sum of values (rij) in each column; that is,    

Then, Entropy method is used for evaluation of values for indexes of a multiple- attribute- decision- making. In other words, entropy in information theory is a scale for degree of non certainty defined by a probabilistic distribution (P < sub>i). 
This non certainty is defined as :
Then for calculation of weight of each index, we have following relation according Adjusted Entropy:  is symbol of irregularity and is weight related to index j.
Finally, for prioritize the Geomorphosite, Saw Model(Simple- additive- weighting method) is used according the following relation:

 
 
Discussion and Results:
At first, the five Geosites include: A1: Shalmash waterfall,A2:Calcic spring of Gravan, A3: Vazne Plain,A4:Bevran andA5:Zab region were identified. Then, based on four indicators as :x1:visual attraction of site, x2: access to site and having recreational and service centers, x3: extendible space or site readiness developing infrastructuresAnd x4: number of tourist attractions of site, analyzed.
Four this goal: Decision-making matrix was determined based on view of DM for 5 Geosites and 4 indexes.Due to the variety of Geosites and indexes, values in the matrix from 1 to 9 are different. In addition, result from scaleless in order to calculations( normalized vector) involve a different numerical range. In the next step, through Entropy, Geosites were evaluated and weighted. The results were as follow:  W1'= 0.0670 , W'2 = 0.7604  W'3= 0.1035 , W'4 = 0.0690. So, Therefore, in accordance with Entropy model: A'2 . To carefully study and validation, adjusted entropy was used. Result of adjusted Entropy was the same as result obtained from Entropy.
Finally, This result(from Entropy) is used for prioritizing Geosites by using Saw model. Thus from following relationship (that is, by summing up rows of weighted matrix components and selecting highest value) the best alternative is defined: A1  A2 A4 A5 A3. Based on output of these models and calculations, alternatives are prioritized as following:

Shalmash waterfall site
Calcic spring of Gravan
Bevran site
Zab site
High plain of Vazneh

Conclusion:
By systematic approach that has been used in this study, it was found the study area due to the internal and external dynamics processes (tectonic and climate), from the perspective of geotourism is very strong.finally, with Multi- criteria decision- making methods(Entropy and Saw) geosites were identified and prioritized. Findings also indicate priority of Shalamsh waterfall, Gravan calcic spring, residential region of Beavran, Zab sites and finally high plian of Vazneh.the survey showed in the superiority of geosites, natural and geomorphological indexes as visual attraction of  the site and the uniqueness of  the main phenomenon with the number of attraction within the geosites is important. Confirms for this reasoning is the Shalmash waterfall and Gravan spring geosites. The result also showed that parameters such as access to the site with space index and readiness to develop infrastructure despite the weakness of the city of sardasht faintly have been effective in prioritizing. Also, confirm for this result is the Vazne site that located at last priority.
The final results showed that the development and improvement of management and human indices, particularly accelerating  access  roads(Sardasht- Bukan) and geometric correction and development of space in the geosites with the information necessary to create sustainble success geotorism.