شناسایی و ارزیابی میراث رمینی مناطق بیابانی باهدف توسعه ژئوتوریسم (مطالعه موردی: مناطق بیابانی سمنان)

Introduction

world and to some extent in Iran. A geosite is a landscape, a collection of roughness forms, a unique roughness, a rock outcrop, a fossiliferous zone, a specific fossil, caves, a crater created by a meteorite impact, a volcano, and even a mine . Geomorphological landforms have a high ability to attract tourism. The connection of landforms with the discussion of the expansion of civilization and ancient, historical, cultural monuments, as well as sports topics, doubles the capabilities of landforms in the field of attracting tourism (Yemani et al., 2013: 70). The purpose of the geomorphosite concept design is to identify landforms that have a special place and importance in describing and understanding the history of the earth's surface Also, they have scientific, ecological, cultural, aesthetic and economic values together and are exploited for the purpose of understanding and exploiting human tourism . Geomorphosites have scientific, cultural, ecological, economic, etc. values . The evaluation of geomorphosites is a topic that shows the motivation and interest of geographers around the world to try to focus on developing and maintaining the evaluation methods that they provided in the past. Identifying different forms of the earth, especially geosites, geomorphosites, geotopes, and other natural forms of the earth is one of the basic principles of nature tourism.

Study area

The desert and desert areas of Semnan province have the ability to be turned into geoparks due to their geomorphological heritage, but due to the spread and size of the region in the north and south of the province, research on geotourism and geoparks has been done on a case-by-case basis, and the officials at the province level cannot plan to attract tourists. have, and for this purpose, with careful identification and study, it is possible to provide the ground for geopark registration. The possession of land and natural resources, which is a suitable platform for the development of geo-tourism and eco-tourism in Semnan province, reveals the necessity of paying attention to the mentioned types of tourism and the importance of attracting tourists and exploiting its many benefits for the country and the province in this regard. By accurately identifying the geotourism capacities of Semnan Province, introducing suitable types of this tourism model in accordance with the region,

Data and research methods

The current research has been applied with a descriptive and analytical approach to introduce and evaluate the geotourism capabilities of the region. In this research, in order to collect the data used, theoretical studies were first conducted with the aim of clarifying the framework of the subject, and in field studies (asking the people of Fan in the region) has been used to identify geosites, and KoboCollect software was used for field visits and registration of geosites and their specifications. Using this software, 90 geosites were identified and a separate birth certificate was prepared and completed for each of the geosites. After examining the birth certificate of geosites by expert experts and professors, 30 potential geosite points (Figure 2) were selected according to the criteria introduced as representatives of geosites, and based on the indicators in the models of Reynard (2013) and Brillha (2016), their valuation and geotourism position was determined.

Data anaysis

Reynard's model and Braille's model describe the relationship between geomorphology and tourism by stating that geomorphology may be the primary or primary source of tourism or as a secondary source, as long as tourism infrastructure, tools (such as educational manuals) or services are used effectively for the primary purpose. will be examined. Final evaluation and comparison of Reynard and Braille models

In general, the oil well geosite is the most valuable geosite in both Reynard and Brill models; With its unique conditions, this geosite has received the highest possible points in both models. Geosite-73 is the second most valuable geosite among the studied geosites with 970 points in the Braille model and 3.93 points in the Reynard model. On the other hand, geosite 37 ranked 29th in the Braille model with 625 points and 30th in the Reynard model with 1.4 points, and it has the lowest overall value among the surveyed geosites. The first method, which was used by Brills (Zafiropoulos and Dernia, 2022), is considered a general-purpose method designed to evaluate any type of geosite considering a wide range of criteria. The inclusion of 12 criteria to evaluate the heritage value of the studied geosites leads to more objective results. On the other hand, Reynard's method includes public views, which in the present study clearly shows the lack of geo-environmental awareness and knowledge. These two methods provide different perspectives on the geoenvironmental value of a given geosite. The first method further deals with the geosite heritage of geological and tourism important places in a broader and deeper way. The second method, while it does not consider many parameters, also includes the opinion of visitors and the general public and education. The braille model is a model for measuring the capabilities of geosites in the scientific, educational, tourism and destruction risk sectors. Each of these sections have their own minimum and maximum points and coefficients, which should be taken into account in scoring. In the evaluation of the Braille model, geosites 68 and 73 both scored 970 points, and the geosite 33 scored the lowest.

Conclusion:

In the current research, the existing geomorphological capabilities were evaluated and ranked from the geotourism point of view. In the meantime, the oil well geosite received the highest score in two methods and was ranked first, and this same geosite is ranked at the bottom with a score of 195 from the point of view of destruction risk. In general, it can be said that the reasons why the oil well got the most points in both methods is the scientific value in both methods, although other cases also have good points, but the important point is the lack of protection of all geosites in the study area.