نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری ژئوموروفولوژی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
3 استاد گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today, the study of Mud Volcano as one of the unknown and unique effects of the earth has been the focus of various experts in different sciences. West Drabul Mud Volcano is located in the east of Rimdan village and 5 km northwest of the Drabul Mountains, the common border between Iran and Pakistan, and East Drabul Mud Volcano is located exactly one km east of West Drabul Mud Volcano. In the first step, by being in the area, direct field studies were conducted and all the geomorphological parameters of Mud Volcano were recorded and mud and water samples were sent to the laboratory for chemical analysis and XRD and XRF analysis. The results of this research show that the western Drabul Mud Volcano has become higher due to the outflow of mud flows with a higher concentration and less viscosity and has a greater slope in the slopes, but the eastern Drabul Mud Volcano has a higher height due to the thinner outflows. Less and the diameter of the base, the area and circumference are more. Also, the presence of shells, bivalves and gastropods in the Mud Volcano indicates the low depth of both Mud Volcano. In the results obtained from the chemical analysis by XRD method, both Lavas have the main phase including quartz, chamosite, illite and albite and the secondary phase including calcite. In chemical analysis by XRF method, the elements (Sio2) silicon dioxide or quartz, (Al2o3) aluminum oxide, (Na2o) sodium dioxide, (Mgo) magnesium oxide, (K2o) potassium dioxide, (Tio2) titanium dioxide, ( Mno) Manganese oxide or mangensite, (Cao) Calcium oxide, (P2o5) Phosphorus dioxide, (Fe2o3) Hematite, (So3) Sulfur trioxide and (LOI) There are organic substances that differ in their amount slightly.
Methodology
The most important part of this study is related to the field survey of the mud volcano, which at the time of the field visit, the West Drabul mud volcano was inactive and the East Drabol mud volcano was active. In the first step, the location of the mud volcanoes was recorded with the Global Positioning System (GPS), the ambient temperature was measured with a thermometer, and then all its geomorphic and morphometric parameters were measured. In the next step, mud and water samples were collected from mud volcano. For the purpose of mineralogical and geochemical investigations, several samples were taken from the periphery and central parts and from different depths of about 15 to 20 cm. The collected samples were stored in special storage containers and then sent to the laboratory to perform XRD and XRF chemical analysis tests and determine its mineral composition. The results were prepared and used in the form of tables, maps and charts.
Results and Discussion
West Drabul mud volcano is located at 25 degrees 20 minutes and 4.32 seconds north latitude and 61 degrees 35 minutes and 39.5 seconds east longitude. Its height above the sea level is about 21 meters and its height above the level of the region is 17 meters, which is the highest mud volcano located in the Dashtiari plan. This mud volcano has a main cone and a main opening with a diameter of one meter, which has a cone on top of the main mud volcano and at the top of the mud volcano and does not have a secondary mud volcano. The area occupied by West Drabul mud volcano is about 5214.16 square meters. Also, the circumference of this mud volcano is about 255.91 meters.
The main mud volcano cone of Eastern Drabul is located at a height of 10 meters above sea level and 6 meters above the level of the region. The secondary crater, which was active at the time of the visit, was 6 meters above sea level and 1 meter above the regional level. This mud volcano has 2 main cones and 6 secondary cones. Also, its main openings are 2 and its secondary openings are 6. The main openings with a diameter of 1.5 meters and the secondary openings with a diameter of 40 to 80 cm were measured and recorded. The depth of the main craters was not clear, but the depth of the secondary craters is about 40 cm.
Conclusion
Comparison and investigation of all geomorphological parameters and the results obtained from geochemical tests determine the differences and similarities in the compositions of the studied mud volcanoes eruptions. In terms of shape, the Western Drabul mud volcano is a complete and inactive cone, and the Eastern Drabul is a double-opened cone and is active. The results obtained from the height, slope of the slopes of the four directions, the radius of the mud flow, the diameter of the base, the circumference and the area show a higher concentration and a lower viscosity of the materials of the West Drabol effusive mud. Also, the spreading radius of the mud flows, the diameter and the larger area of the Eastern Drabul flower show that its activity is more continuous and as a result, the diameter of the base, its area and its circumference will also increase. The results of the XRD test showed the elements of the West Drabul mud volcano in two main phases including quartz, chamosite, illite, albite and a secondary phase including calcite, and in the Eastern Drabol mud volcano, the main phase included quartz, chamosite, illite, albite and a secondary phase including calcite. has categorized There are identical and completely similar elements in both East Drabul and West Drabul mud volcano, both in chemical analysis by XRD and XRF methods, with the difference that their amounts are slightly different from each other, which is not significant.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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